Introduction to Computer Programming - Computer Programming - ME 4305

Subject: Computer Programming
Subject Code: ME 4305
Topic:  Introduction to Computer Programming
Ref. Book: Programming in ANSI C
By E Balagurusamy
Conducted By Saikat Dey
Lecturer:  Dept. of ME, UCTC.

Programming Language

*A sequence of precise instructions to computer.

*A programming language is a language that is used by a person to express a process by which a computer can solve a problem

Types:

1) 1st Generation Language(1945): Machine Level Language.

2) 2nd Generation Language(1950): Assembly Language.

3) 3rd Generation Language(1960): FORTRAN, ALGOL,COBOL, C and etc. (High Level Language)

4) 4th Generation Language(1970): Oracle, SQL. (Very High level Language)

5) 5th Generation Language(1980): PROLOG, LISP. (Natural Language)

Translation Process

Source Code (human readable)

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Translator (Assembler/Complier/Interpreter

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Machine Language

Difference Between Compiler and Interpreter:

1. Compiler takes entire program as input where Interpreter takes Single instruction.
2. Compiler takes large amount of time to analyze the source code but interpreter takes less.
3. Compiler generates immediate object code which requires more memory and interpreter generates no immediate object code.
4. Compiler generates the error message only after scanning the whole program and Interpreter continues translating the program until first error is met.
5. Programming Language like C, C++ use Compilers and Language like MATLAB, Python uses Interpreter.

C Popular computer language of today!

The C programming language was designed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell

Laboratories in 1972 to assist the UNIX operating system

Influenced by

• ALGOL 60 (Group of Scientist,1960),
• CPL (Cambridge, 1963),
• BCPL (Martin Richard, 1967),
• B (Ken Thompson, 1970)
• Standardized in 1989 by ANSI (American National Standards Institute) known as ANSI C

• International standard (ISO) in 1990 which was adopted by ANSI and is known as C89

• As part of the normal evolution process the standard was updated in 1995 (C95) and 1999 (C99)

Compiler: Turbo C, Borland C, Microsoft C, Watcom C , Code Block

etc.

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