Direct speech and reported speech Lesson-B - Part 2 - Speech - Narration- English
Direct speech and reported speech Lesson- b
Subject: English
Subject Code: HUM 4101
Topic: Direct Speech and Reported Speech Part-2
Lecturer: Md. Arif Moinuddin Chy
Person: I he/she
My his/her
Place: here there, at
the flat
Time: now then,
at the time
today that day,
on Monday, etc
yesterday the day before, the previous day
tomorrow the next/following day, on Saturday, etc
this week that week
last week the week before, the previous week
An hour ago an hour before/earlier
When do we change the tense?
After a past-tense verb (e.g. said),
there is often a tense change. 'It
really is
cold today.' —> Joy said
it was
really cold that day.
If the statement is still
up to date when
we report it,
we can either
leave the tense the same, or we can change it.
You said you like/liked
chocolate. Claire told me her father owns/owned
a racehorse.
Samia said she's
going/she was going to Rome in April.
We can
say that Samia is going
to
Rome because it is still true that she will go there.
If the statement is no longer up to date,
then we change the tense.
Claire once told me that her father
owned
a racehorse. (He may no longer own one.)
Sarah said she was going to
Rome in April
(Now it is May.)
Now
Sarah's trip is
over, so it is no longer true that she is going to Rome.
We usually change the tense if we think
the statement is untrue or may be untrue.
You said you liked
chocolate, but you aren't eating any.
The Prime
Minister
claimed
that
the government had made the right decision.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED
SPEECH
‘Adnan is working.' Jessica said
Adnan
was
working.
'The doors aren't
locked.' - Maruf
told
me the doors
weren't
locked.
'I've fixed the shelves.' Taufik
said
he'd fixed the shelves.
‘It’s
been
raining.' We noticed
it had
been raining
Modal verbs: can
-► could, etc
Can, may and will change to could,
might and would.
'You can
sit over
there.' The waiter said we could sit here.
'I may
go to
Bali again.' Karim
said she might go to
Bali again.
'I'll help if
you like.' Tina said she would help
Could, might, ought to, should and
would stay the same. But must
can change to have to.
'Sahida
would love a
holiday.‘ - Mark thought Sahida
would love a
holiday.
'I must
finish this report.' - Sahida
said she must finish/had to
finish the report.
When do we change the tense?
Put in is or was. Sometimes both are possible.
? I heard today that the house is for sale. I wonder who will buy it.
? I saw David yesterday. He said he was on his way to visit his sister.
1 This wallet is made of plastic not leather. Why did you tell me it…………….leather?
2 We had to hurry yesterday morning. Just as we arrived at the station, we heard an announcement that the train..................about to leave.
3 I saw Emma just now. She said her tooth ............still aching.
4 I'm surprised Maruf lost. I thought he ………….. much better at tennis than Danesh.
5 When he spoke to reporters yesterday, Mr Douglas said that Printco …………… now in a much better financial position.
The tense change . Complete the replies.
The second speaker is surprised at what he or she hears.
► Matthew: Emma and I are getting
married.
Rachel: Really? But
you said
last week you
weren't getting married.
► Rita: I like pop music more than
classical music.
Laura: I'm sure you told
me you
liked classical music best.
Vicky: I
haven't finished my project. Emon:
Haven't you? I thought you said
.............................................................
Ronny: I'm
on a diet. Bipasha: But
you told me
.................................................................................……
Adnan: I
enjoy parties. Daniel:
Surely I remember you saying
...................................................................
Mahi: I'm
applying for the job. Rakib: I
thought you told
me...............................................................................
1 you had finished it/your project. 2 you
weren't on a diet. 3 you didn't enjoy them/parties. 4 you weren't applying for
it/the job.
Wh-questions . We can report questions with
verbs like ask,
wonder or want to know. Look first at these wh-questions.
DIRECT QUESTION
'When
did you start acting, Melissa?‘ 'What's the time?'
'Which
way is the post office?’ ‘How can we find out?'
'Where
can we eat?‘
REPORTED QUESTION
faisal asked Melissa when she started
acting. I
just asked what the time is. Someone
wants to know which way the post
office is.
I was wondering how we can find out. They're asking
where they can eat.
Wh-questions
have a word like when, what, which or how both in direct
speech and in reported speech
Yes/no questions
DIRECT QUESTION
'Has the taxi arrived yet?' ~ 'No, not yet‘. 'Can we take photos?' ~ 'Yes, of course.' 'Is
there a cafe nearby?' ~ 'No.‘
REPORTED QUESTION
Someone was wondering if/whether the taxi has
arrived yet. The visitors want to know if/whether they can
take photos. Daniel asked if/whether there was a café
nearby.
Asking for information
To ask politely for information, we
sometimes use a reported question after a phrase like
Could you tell me ... ? or Do you
know ... ?
Could
you tell me what time the
concert starts?
Do
you know if there's
a public phone in the building?
Have
you any idea how
much a taxi would cost?
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